The historian Herodotus mentioned in his writings the route of the Great Silk Road, which ran through modern Astana. Passing caravans contributed to the successful development of trade and handicrafts in cities traditionally occupied by livestock raising and agriculture. The medieval settlement of Bozok, located five kilometers from Astana, is a thousand-year-old predecessor of the Kazakh capital. Which for a number of centuries was the political and spiritual center of Sary-Arka - a great and endless steppe stretching for thousands of kilometers in the center of the continent called Eurasia. The Bozok settlement existed in the 7th-16th centuries. , Graves and mausoleums of different eras and different cultures were discovered here. All this indicates the geographical significance of this region.
In 1830, by order of Russian Colonel F.K. Shubin, an outpost was built on the banks of the Ishim River. Gradually, the city grew around the fortress and in 1863 Akmolinsk (as the outpost was called) was declared a district city. Profitable 
the location of the city was described in 1863 in the summary of the Geographical and Statistical Dictionary of the Russian Empire (St. Petersburg). The document detailed how lines of new roads connected this geographic center with Kargaly in the East, with Fort Aktau in the South, and through Atbasar with Kokchetav in the West.
In the 19th century, Akmola became an important commercial and economic and geopolitical center of the region. The key events of the 1929th century in the history of Akmola can be called the following: in XNUMX - the construction of the Borovoe - Akmolinsk railway line, which was of exceptional importance for the formation of industry.
1939 – formation of the Akmola region. Akmolinsk is designated as the administrative center of the Akmola region.
1940 - construction of the Akmolinsk - Kartaly railway line, which provided the shortest route for the delivery of Karaganda coal to Russian metallurgical enterprises.
1954 - the beginning of the development of virgin and fallow lands served as a powerful impetus for the development of agricultural engineering, processing industry, construction industry, and infrastructure development.
1958 - the first higher educational institution was opened - Akmola Agricultural Institute.
1961 - Akmala was renamed Tselinograd. This was facilitated by the unprecedented grain harvest obtained in this region. So the decision was made to create the Tselinny Region, after which the administrative center of Tselina was declared, which became known as Tselinograd.
1992 - the city returned its old name Akmola.
1998 - the city was named Astana and became the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. With Astana gaining the status of capital in 1998, the ancient city of craftsmen, traders and grain growers became the center of state, social and cultural life of the new, democratic Kazakhstan.
Today, the city of Astana is a major transport hub, connecting the main transport arteries, republican roads and railways and airlines. This is a modern metropolis that amazes even avid travelers with its unusual architecture. Astana is the steppe pearl of Kazakhstan, the pride of the entire people and the President.
References:
- In the heart of Eurasia" President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev
- website http://astana.gov.kz
- Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia
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