History of Kostanay

The history of the city of Kostanay goes back to 1868, namely, on October 21, 1868, the government of Emperor Alexander II published the “Temporary Regulations on Administration in the Steppe Regions of the Orenburg and West Siberian General Government.” This document provided for the division of the Orenburg General Government into two regions - Ural and Turgai. In December 1879, Governor General N.A. Kryzhanovsky gave consent to the construction of the settlement. In the summer of 1879, the first batch of settlers from Orenburg arrived at the site of the planned development - over 1000 people. Arriving settlers settled on the left bank of the Tobol. It was quite a convenient place to build a new city, as there was a lot of stone and flagstone that could be used in construction. Construction proceeded as planned and already in 1893 the settlement received the official status of a city with the name Nikolaevsk. The name Nikolaevsk brought a number of inconveniences, especially for the work of the post office, since there were several cities in Russia with the same name. Therefore, in February 1895, by the highest command of the last Emperor of Russia, the city of Novonikolaevsk was given the name Kustanai and the county - Kustanai. The city developed rapidly and by the beginning of the 20th century, the city had a developed infrastructure for that time. An interesting fact is that there is a brewery in the city, which was built at the expense of a Swiss; at the beginning of the 20th century it was a large plant in the entire Southern Urals and on the territory of modern Kazakhstan. The city had schools, shops, a market and much more that allowed it to have the status of a city. The city was a major trading center and was an important link connecting Asia and Russia. In 1911, over 25 thousand people lived in Kustanai - twice as many as in Akmolinsk. The city was multinational; here, Kazakhs and Russians, Bukharans and Poles, Bashkirs and Tatars, as well as other peoples lived side by side. Many caravans met here

roads, artisans worked, merchants flourished - local fairs were famous throughout the Urals. The townspeople became rich, the city developed, and the houses of merchants grew. Some examples of architecture from the beginning of the 20th century have survived to this day - the former trading house of the merchant Yaushev, a mosque, the building of the Furor cinema, which today houses a Russian drama theater, and a number of other historical and cultural objects. During the Great Patriotic War, enterprises of the Soviet Union were evacuated to the city - the Bolshevichka clothing factory from Kherson, part of the tannery equipment arrived from Simferopol, and a staple and artificial fiber plant from Klin. It was the evacuated plants and factories that laid the foundation for the industrial infrastructure in the steppe city and gave impetus to its economic development. Since the mid-50s, transport began to develop - air traffic and the construction of highways. The development of virgin and fallow lands had a huge impact on the development of the city. Kustanai was one of the centers of the virgin lands epic. It was during this period that the Kostanay region rapidly developed as an agricultural and industrial region.

In the period from 1954 to 1956, more than 150 thousand new settlers of approximately 40 nationalities came to the Kostanay region. According to census data, the population of the region in 1959 already numbered 710 people. On June 690, 17, by Decree of the President of Kazakhstan, the transcription of the name of the city of Kustanay in Russian was changed to the city of Kostanay, and the Kustanay region - to Kostanay region.

In the year of celebrating the 100th anniversary of the founding of the city of Kostanay, the city’s coat of arms was approved. Today Kostanay is a large administrative center of Kazakhstan, and the region is the largest supplier of grain crops. Kostanay is a modern city with modern architecture.

References:

• “Kostanay region: past and present” part 1., ed. I.K. Ternovy -, Kostanay, 2003
• Regional scientific and practical conference “70 years of Kostanay region: past, present and future.” Conference materials. - Kostanay, 2006,
• "Kustanay - Kostanay: essay history (from 1936 to 2013)". Under ed. Candidate of Science, Professor
• I.K. Ternovoy. Vol. II.- Kostanay: "Kostanaypoligrafiya" LLP, 2013,
• Website of the Statistics Agency of Kostanay region www.kostanai.stat.kz
• Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia