There are about 6000 plant species on the territory of Kazakhstan. The most ancient vegetation is aquatic. Aquatic plants serve as a spawning ground for fish, a food supply for them and waterfowl. The flora of swamps, river floodplains and estuaries contains more than 450 species. The flora of Kazakhstan includes 250 species of plants adapted to desert conditions. In the steppe zone, relict plants grow, such as Siberian feather grass, chiya and multi-rooted onion. In the forests of Kazakhstan there are plant species that grow only in Kazakhstan and are not found anywhere else: juzgun - which in turn has 28 species, astragalus is also represented by 35 species, Kyrgyz birch, Lynchevsky apple tree, Transcaspian hawthorn, poplar, Vavilov pear, Schrenk and Turkestan roses, snow-white willow, etc.
There are up to 600 species of rare and endangered plants in Kazakhstan, a significant part of them are included in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. Rare and endangered plants of Kazakhstan are subject to special protection in national
Barberry Ili
Barberry Ili
parks and reserves. Thus, in the Almaty Nature Reserve alone there are 1000 species of higher plants, including 50 rare species, 26 of which are listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. In the reserve there are such plant species as: apricot, Mushketov's curly, Sievers' apple tree, extremely rarely Nedzvetsky's apple tree, Caucasian hackberry, Altai gymnospermium, Kolpakovsky and Ostrovsky tulips, very rare Albert's iris and Kolpakovsky's iridodictium, Wittrock's rhubarb, very rare Semenov's corydalis, orange jaundice , oleaginous
Alma-Ata, Adonis - golden and Tien Shan, Semenov's cortuza. But the rarest plant species are found in the hard-to-reach highlands of the reserve. There are 10 reserves and 12 national parks in Kazakhstan, in which you can find very rare plants, we bring to your attention a description of some of them:
Barberry Ili. Ili barberry is one of the rare plants of Kazakhstan. On the territory of Kazakhstan, it is found in the eastern part of the Trans-Ili Alatau and the Ketmen ridge, and also grows on the southern slopes of the Dzhungar Alatau. It is protected in the Charyn National Park of Kazakhstan. It grows as a shrub up to 1,5 m high. Young shoots are red-brown in color, the thorns reach 3 centimeters of straw- colors. The leaves are narrowly ovate, they grow up to 5 centimeters in length and up to 2 centimeters in width. Inflorescences are racemose, few-flowered. The flowers are bright yellow, the fruits are bright red. Blossoms in May, bears fruit in August - October. In medical practice, Ili barberry is used along with other species. Delicious jelly, preserves and syrups are prepared from barberry fruits. The fruits strengthen the stomach, increase the flow of bile, and improve appetite. Edible berries contain malic, citric and tartaric acids. Ledebur almond. Ledebur almond is a rare plant species
Almond Ledebour
Almond Ledebour
Kazakhstan. On the territory of Kazakhstan it is found in the foothills of Altai and Tarbagatay. Grows in meadow steppe, foothills and low mountains. This is a bush. The leaves are large, dark green. The flowers are pink, the fruits are up to 4 cm long. It blooms earlier than many almonds; flowering lasts 2-3 weeks in spring. Fruits appear from 11 years of growth. They are very beautiful in single and group plantings; they are used to decorate rocky hills and forest edges. Almonds planted in groups of 3-5 on the lawn against the backdrop of coniferous trees are very impressive. Saxaul. Saxaul is shrubs or small trees, ranging from 1,5 to 12 m in height. Three types of saxaul grow in Kazakhstan: black saxaul, white saxaul, and Zaisan saxaul. Saxaul grows in semi-deserts and deserts. Saxaul has powerful roots, with which it anchors the sands and stands as a barrier in the path of dust storms, protecting fertile lands, rivers and canals from the destructive invasion of sands. The trunk of saxaul always takes on bizarre shapes; it is never straight. The name itself speaks for itself, “saxaul” means splayed, clumsy. It bends in all directions, twists into unimaginable spirals, the reason for which is its layered compressed wood. The leaves have the appearance of awl-shaped scales. It does not grow densely - the distance between trees is usually at least 5-10m, and multiplies quickly. It is an excellent fuel. The felling of saxaul in areas of the state forest fund in Kazakhstan is prohibited until 2019. Schrenk's tulip. An amazingly beautiful flower growing in the wild nature of Kazakhstan. The tulip reaches a height of up to 30 cm and has a spherical bulb, up to 3 cm wide; The stem leaves are thin and curly-wavy at the edges. The flowers are solitary and have different colors: burgundy-red, pink, yellow, white, less often variegated with or without a black or yellow spot at the base of the petals, up to 5 cm long. The tulip blooms in May, transforming the steppe. Schrenk's tulip suggests that it was he who played an important role in the creation of the famous Dutch varieties, since in the Middle Ages Holland, which was engaged in the cultivation of these marvelous flowers, received bulbs from Central Asia and other countries
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